Essay about First-Person Narration Techniques in Cathedral

A first-person narration provides an interesting perspective on the main action of a story. A narrator can express his/her own thoughts and feelings, which in turn develops a more personal and relatable story to the reader. Raymond Carver often uses this literary point-of-view tactic in his short stories to reveal the traits of the narrator. In Cathedral, Carver uses conversational tone and diction to reveal the narrators character; which is prejudicial at first, but becomes empathic by the end. Knowing this narrators characteristics facilitates the readers understanding of major components of the story, such as the narrators hostility to Robert, his loser-like sociality, and the climax of opening up to Robert. One way Carver†¦show more content†¦This bitterness and sarcasm is revealed as strong characteristics of the narrator. Throughout the majority of the story, the narrator continues shows his distaste for any happy situation. Much like the hyphenated asides, Carver implements fragmented sentences behind description, to show the narrator pausing for a moment of color commentary. I saw my wife laughing as she parked the car. I saw her get out of the car and shut the door. She was still wearing a smile. Just amazing (Cathedral 214). This quote illustrates the narrators inclination to state his subjective disbelief of a situation with which he does not agree. The sour statement, just amazing, while unnecessary to the storyline, depicts exactly this. Carver specifically makes the writing seem hostile and cynical, by his use of conversational tone. As a result, we connect these characteristics of the writing with that of the narrator. Through the authors use of diction, more aspects of the narrators personality are revealed. Simply from word choice, we learn that the narrator is prejudicial towards others, and jealous of other mens relationships with his wife. When facing the situation of Robert coming to town to visit his wife, the narrator blatantly expresses that a blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to (Carver 209). This repeated substitution of blind manShow MoreRelatedEssay about Two Levels of Meaning in Carver’s Cathedral1007 Words   |  5 Pages . Two Levels of Meaning in Cathedral nbsp; The short story Cathedral by Raymond Carver develops characters with a dualistic depth. On the surface they have believable human attitudes and attributes, but there is also a level functioning that offers another interpretation. Carver is not only creating a realistic human picture, he uses the old story of the deliverer and reworks it into something unique, fresh. He takes the characters and binds them in the mind of his readersRead MoreW.S. L.P.Hartley Interpretation2168 Words   |  9 Pagesabstract given in the Unit 3, we may say that it has its own climax – the description of panic Walter feels when he receives the third postcard (â€Å"A wave of panic surged up in Walter Streeter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). There’re two plot techniques used by the author. The first one is the straight line narration – the plain, chronological representation of events. The second one is the retardation, which is presented mostly through Walter’s wavering, the life of his mind. As the story is a thriller, the author withdraws someRead MoreElements of Postmodernism in Ishmael Reeds Mumbo Jumbo, Don Delillos White Noise, Toni Morrisons Beloved and Thomas Pynchons the Crying of Lot 496348 Words   |  26 Pagespostmodernisms most distinguishable elements. Throught these four novels one can perceive the concepts of potmodernism, from its assault upon traditional narratives to the role of the individual in an impersonal, emotionless society. The narrative techniques applied by the authors are entirely consistent with the postmodern strive to break up the structure of the text and to involve the reader and give him a significant role in the creation process. White Noise is abundant in lists of three productsRead MoreIntramuros a Must See4034 Words   |  17 Pagesmost people go relieve themselves with the history of Manila and the whole Philippines is quite big as it was the capital of the Philippines during the Spanish Era. Therefore the mode of transportation needed to explore the Walled City should be the first thing a tourist should think about. There are many ways to tour around Intramuros and these can either be by walking, by riding a pedicab, by hiring a Kalesa, or by going for a tour program. One of the ways to tour Intramuros is touring by foot which

Gender Roles Of Men And Women Have Been Present In Society

Gender roles of men and women have been present in society for a number of years, and the traditional roles have stuck through all the cultural changes. What about the people who do not identify themselves with their born gender but, instead another? How are they affected by how society sees them for not conforming to the traditional gender roles? Transgender people are faced with many judgements from their community based on how they identify themselves, their actions and how they express themselves. Many of the people that judge these individuals do not understand the affect that this can put on a transgender person psychologically. In this essay I will first discuss societies view on traditional gender roles, next I will talk about the†¦show more content†¦The women are seen to be the more emotional ones and are more in touch with their feelings and they give off a warm and caring feeling. Women give off this vibe because they are physically small and delicate. There are psychological effects on people who follow traditional gender roles in society. From birth, children are socialized to conform to certain gender roles based on their biological sex. It occurs through four major groups of socialization: family, education, peer groups, and the media. The attitudes and expectations surrounding gender roles are based not on natural gender differences, but on stereotypes about the attitudes, traits, or behavior patterns that women or men should have. Gender roles can be influenced in the family setting when the children observes the behaviors of the parents. For example, the mother cooks, tends to the kids, and can sew to fix clothing, while the father mows the lawn, washes the car, fixes appliances. Children catch on to these gender role cues quite easily and continue the cycle into adulthood. In the education settingShow MoreRelatedGender Equality Based Upon Society Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesGender Equality Based Upon Society For many decades, gender equality has been an issue all around the world. Males have always had more advantages than females in different aspects. Gender equality is the view that all men and women should have the same rights no matter what their gender is. In the majority of the cases, men have always had more opportunities than women. They easily obtain advantages just because they are men. On the other hand, women have had fewer opportunities than men, andRead MoreGender Roles During The Years Men And Women Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesGender Roles in Society Over the years men and women have been given gender roles that they are pressured to follow. According to Amy Blackstone, â€Å"gender roles are based on the different expectations that individuals, groups and societies have of individuals based on their sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2003). In other words, gender roles are social norms and expectations, created and accepted by society, based on a person’s gender. There have been different gender roles throughout the different time eras and in some erasRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Inequality1262 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, there has always been the role of both the male and the female in society. As time passed and civilization progressed, the question of the role of the women has also changed. Men and women in society have had many differences, which included things such as gender roles, gender inequality, inequality in the workforce, and sex discrimination. Also, the questions of what it takes to be a man or to be a w oman is very important. For many different cultures, gender differences are extremely importantRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Men845 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society both male and female are expected to play specific gender roles. In Canada women and men are thought of as equal, having the same rights to respect, autonomy, and independence (Bonvillain and Miller 2013: 39). The CBSA ignored this right when the agency allowed religious travellers to avoid female guards. Although men and women may have different roles in their households and communities, their work and activities are equally valued and socially rewarded (Bonvillain and MillerRead MoreThe Canadian Border Services Agency852 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, both male and female are expected to play specific gender roles. In Canada women and men are thought of as equal, having the same rights to respect, autonomy, and independence (Bonvillain and Miller 2013: 39). The Canadian Border Ser vices Agency ignored this right when the agency allowed religious travelers to avoid female guards. Although men and women may have different roles in their households and communities, their work and activities are equally valued and socially rewardedRead MoreGender Roles : The Tent Peg1294 Words   |  6 PagesSociety determines how males and females should think, speak, dress, and interact. Gender roles are expectations of how a person should think, speak, and dress based on our sex. In most cases, it is the woman’s responsibility to take care of the house, which includes cleaning, meal preparations, raising and taking care of the children. Compared to the men who take care of the more physical activities, such as handy work and physical labor. Although the intensity of gender roles has changed, it stillRead MoreGender Inequality : A Good Understanding Of The Social Inequality Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesfeel the necessity to have a good understanding of the social ine qualities around me. Although, women have socially grown with more power over the years, it is not enough to equalize with the men. For example, the pay gap difference between men and women for not having the â€Å"testosterone bonus† even though the same education and qualifications are present. I hope that over time I will be able to experience a change and have the same equal rights as men because I feel that I have deserved it. I planRead MoreThe Struggle Of Women s Equality1692 Words   |  7 Pagesa way to go for women to achieve equality’ Summary Women have had significant changes in their lives from the past to present in terms of employment as they are more and more being moved away from the household, being able to work like regular men today. Proportion of women in the total workforce is increasing and consequently they compete successfully for higher income jobs such as chief executives. They even have been moving into jobs that in the past were only allocated to men. While these signsRead MoreEssay on Equal and Alike1158 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference between a man and a woman, but it goes even deeper than biology and chromosomes. Men and woman are often seen as polar opposites, but when the genetics and physiology are set aside, the difference between masculinity and femininity is less clear. Aaron H. Devor wrote in his 1989 article, Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender, that due to the structure of American society, â€Å"masculinity thus becomes ‘innately’ valuable and f emininity serves a contrapuntal functionRead MoreThe Role Of Gender Roles In The Elizabethan Era1075 Words   |  5 Pagesstereotypical topic of gender roles in early history is the definition of the Elizabethan Era. Since the beginning of time females has been ranked below all male figures in status as well as a work force. Furthermore, the men were known to be the breadwinners for the family whereas the women were meant to stay at home housewife (Sharnette). Throughout history this storetype has evolved, but an average day for a male and female during the Elizabethan Era is rather contrasting. With women having little to

The Myth Of The Earnings Yield Essay Example For Students

The Myth Of The Earnings Yield Essay a href=http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesA very slim minority of firms distribute dividends. This truism has revolutionary implications. In the absence of dividends, the foundation of most if not all of the financial theories we employ in order to determine the value of shares, is falsified. These theories rely on a few implicit and explicit assumptions: (a) That the (fundamental) value of a share is closely correlated (or even equal to) its market (stock exchange or transaction) price (b) That price movements (and volatility) are mostly random, though correlated to the (fundamental) value of the share (will always converge to that value in the long term) (c) That this fundamental value responds to and reflects new information efficiently (old information is fully incorporated in it) Investors are supposed to discount the stream of all future income from the share (using one of a myriad of possible rates all hotly disputed). Only dividends constitute meaningful income and since few companies engage in the distribution of dividends, theoreticians were forced to deal with expected dividends rather than paid out ones. The best gauge of expected dividends is earnings. The higher the earnings the more likely and the higher the dividends. Even retained earnings can be regarded as deferred dividends. Retained earnings are re-invested, the investments generate earnings and, again, the likelihood and expected size of the dividends increase. Thus, earnings though not yet distributed were misleadingly translated to a rate of return, a yield using the earnings yield and other measures. It is as though these earnings WERE distributed and created a RETURN in other words, an income to the investor. The reason for the perpetuation of this misnomer is that, according to all current theories of finance, in the absence of dividends shares are worthless. If an investor is never likely to receive inc ome from his holdings then his holdings are worthless. Capital gains the other form of income from shareholding is also driven by earnings but it does not feature in financial equations. Yet, these theories and equations stand in stark contrast to market realities. People do not buy shares because they expect to receive a stream of future income in the form of dividends. Everyone knows that dividends are fast becoming a thing of the past. Rather, investors buy shares because they hope to sell them to other investors later at a higher price. In other words, investors do expect to realize income from their shareholdings but in the form of capital gains. The price of a share reflects its discounted expected capital gains (the discount rate being its volatility) NOT its discounted future stream of income. The volatility of a share (and the distribution of its prices), in turn, are a measure of expectations regarding the availability of willing and able buyers (investors). Thus, the expected capital gains are comprised of a fundamental element (the expected discounted earnings) adjusted for volatility (the latter being a measure of expectations regarding the distribution of availability of willing and able buyers per given price range). Earnings come into the picture merely as a yardstick, a calibrator, a benchmark figure. Capital gains are created when the value of the firm whose shares are traded increases. Such an increase is more often than not correlated with the future stream of income to the FIRM (NOT to the shareholder!!!). This strong correlation is what binds earnings and capital gains together. It is a correlation which might indicate causation and yet might not. But, in any case, that earnings are a good proxy to capital gains is not disputable. And this is why investors are obsessed by earnings figures. Not because higher earnings mean higher dividends now or at any point in the future. But because earnings are an excellent predictor of the future value of the firm and, thus, of expected capital gains. Put more plainly: the higher the earnings, the higher the market valuation of the firm, the bigger the willingness of investors to purchase the shares at a higher price, the higher the capital gains. Again, this may not be a causal chain but the correlation is strong. This is a philosophical shift from rational measures (such as fundamental analysis of future income) to irrational ones (the future value of share-ownership to various types of investors). It is a transition from an efficient market (all new information is immediately available to all rational investors and is incorporated in the price of the share instantaneously) to an inefficient one (the most important information is forever lacking or missing altogether: how many investors wish to buy the share at a given price at a given moment). An income driven market is open in the sense that it depends on newly acquired information and reacts to it efficiently (it is hi ghly liquid). But it is also closed because it is a zero sum game, even in the absence of mechanisms for selling it short. One investors gain is anothers loss and all investors are always hunting for bargains (because what is a bargain can be evaluated objectively and independent of the state of mind of the players). The distribution of gains and losses is pretty even. The general price level amplitudes around an anchor. A capital gains driven market is open in the sense that it depends on new streams of capital (on new investors). As long as new money keeps pouring in, capital gains expectations will be maintained and realized. But the amount of such money is finite and, in this sense, the market is closed. Upon the exhaustion of available sources of funding, the bubble tends to burst and the general price level implodes, without a floor. This is more commonly described as a pyramid scheme or, more politely, an asset bubble. This is why portfolio models (CAPM and others) are unlike ly to work. Diversification is useless when shares and markets move in tandem (contagion) and they move in tandem because they are all influenced by one critical factor and only by one factor -the availability of future buyers at given prices. .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 , .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .postImageUrl , .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 , .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225:hover , .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225:visited , .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225:active { border:0!important; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225:active , .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225 .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf537dfd395a31e786e904547a7f66225:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Huck Finn 10 Essay We will write a custom essay on The Myth Of The Earnings Yield specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

The Noahs ark myth

Noah’s Ark is a vessel, which according to the Book of Genesis (chapters 6-9), was built by Noah at God’s command to save himself, his family, and the world’s animals from a global torrent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Noah’s ark myth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bailey (10) observes that â€Å"the narrative of the ark is found in Abrahamic religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam.† In this essay the real account of events shall be explained and then the truth and logic in them will be analyzed. It is therefore an analysis of the events that are written in the bible and how true they could be in relation to the current world. God realized that mankind was very wicked and therefore decided to sweep people out of the planet. Nonetheless, there was one righteous man called Noah and his family of 8 persons. Noah warned people to stop their wicked ways but no one listened to him, but instead they mocked him. God therefore instructed Noah to build an ark in which he, his family and the animals would stay while he destroyed human kind with water. â€Å"Then the LORD said to Noah, ‘Come into the ark, you and your entire household, for I have seen that you are righteous. Take with you seven pairs of all clean animals, the male and his mate; and a pair of the animals that are not clean† (Emerton 6). At this time Noah was 600 years old; the ark was built it for almost 120 years, but despite the mockery Noah got from the people. Emerton (7) describes the ark as a â€Å"barge-like structure probably built of cypress or cedar, 450 feet long by 75 feet wide and 45 feet high.† The ark of this size would therefore put out of place approximately 20,000 tons because it would weigh 14,000 tons; it had, three decks, one door on the side and a window 18 inches high. The first deck was for the food, the second for accommodation and he thir d for waste. The ark was therefore big enough for the animals since they were the most and the small family of Noah. When it was done Noah parked food for him and the animals to last them till the floods were over. â€Å"He then led animals into the ark seven pairs of each clean species and one pair of the unclean† (Emerton 69). As they entered they were harassed by the sinful mankind but God put his toughest creatures such as lions and tigers to protect them.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After they had all entered into the ark, God opened the fountains of the deep waters and the windows of heaven and it rained for days and nights. The world was covered with water for 150 days, even the highest mountains were all under water therefore destroying every sinful; mankind that was in existence. Noah waited for the waters to dry up and the ark rested on the peak of Mount Ararat and as the waters resided Noah would send ravens every seven days out to check whether the waters had dried up. They stayed on the mountain peak for five months until he sent a dove that confirmed that the water had dried up by bringing him an olive twig meaning that vegetation was growing and when he sent it again it did not return meaning it had found some where to stay. They came out of the ark with the animals one by one and Noah decided to offer sacrifice to God for saving him and his family. God was pleased and he made a covenant with him using a rainbow in the sky to never to destroy mankind with floods again because man was born evil. â€Å"I will never again curse the ground because of man, for the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth; neither will I ever again destroy every living creature as I have done† (Emerton 18). He ordered the animals to be fruitful and fill the world again and so were the three sons of Noah from whom the whole of m ankind was born. The above events seem to be true according the history of the planet because some of its geographical features could be as result of the massive flood. However some of these facts are disputable; some of these are the ages of these people that existed then. Noah is said to have been 600 years when he was ordered to build the ark, which he did so in 120 years. It’s disputable how long man could live then considering that the current man can only live at most a sixth of Noah’s age which is a very big variance. The change in man’s lifespan could be attributed to the changes in ecosystem caused by the flood but still that variance is unimaginable. The ark was built in 120 years that would mean that even after a century mankind did not get the message, a very disputable fact too and also apparently out of 7 billon people only 8 people were righteous (Bailey 205). Animals are also said to have been led to the ark, animals do not have the brain capacit y to cooperate and be led to an ark more so in pairs. Moreover, how could herbivores and carnivores live in the same ark and yet not maul on each other? The carnivores would have also eradicated Noah and his family in the process of putting them in the ark, leave alone living in the ark.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Noah’s ark myth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Noah sent a dove to check whether the waters had dried up, how did it identify that was its mission and that it should come back. The food lasted them a year, but how was this food preserved for so long, and finally how could have Noah and his family built such a strong ark to survive such a massive flood without any sophisticated scientific and technological knowledge. Furthermore, the waters from the flood are said to be from the fountains of the deep seas: where are those fountains that released so much water? Where did the water evapo rate to because to submerge the entire earth surface a lot of water was really needed and it is not seen today? Scientists claim that the water is below the earth deep into the underground but they also say that for such amounts of water to be trapped so deep there must have been a lot of pressure applied. Scientists attest to the flood occurrence but they claim it was due to the break up of a planet between Mars and Jupiter hence causing the floods that subsequently led to too much pressure on earth hence the waters was forced underground. The mountains are also said to have formed at this point and so is the continents due to the immense pressure of the waters, hence before the floods there were no mountains where did the ark stop. Aviators, Christians and other interested people have explored Mount Ararat in turkey to find the ark remains but no evidence has been found yet. The ark story can not be considered a lie altogether because if there were floods then there must have been people who survived it, and for them to survive there must have been some one to protect them. The changes in ecosystem could be the reason of the changes in man as it is evident on what evolution can do. However, some things remain unbelievable but humankind has no other information to prove them wrong and such are the book of Genesis stories. Science could answer some questions but still leave out some that the bible answers but still the bible answers some while others it does not. Therefore, whether to believe the story or not will depend on the method of achieving rationality being used which is influenced by several factors depending on one’s environment and the culture and beliefs that one is exposed to.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Bailey, Lloyd. Noah, the Person and the Story. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1989. Print. Emerton, Jackson. An Examination of Some Attempts to Defend the Unity of the Flood Narrative in Genesis: Part II. Vetus Testamentum XXXVIII. (1988): 1-21. Print. This essay on The Noah’s ark myth was written and submitted by user Anderson Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sparta And Athens Essay Research Paper Sparta free essay sample

Sparta And Athens Essay, Research Paper Sparta and Athens Sparta and Athens are like apples and oranges ; the same but different. Both are fruit grown on trees in the instance of the apples and oranges, and both are city states in Greece in the instance of Athens and Sparta. Apples and oranges have clearly different gustatory sensations, textures and spirits. Athinais and Sparta had markedly different types of beginnings, societal category, authorities and military history. In this paper both similarities and differences between Athens and Sparta will be explored, so as to larn the existent truth about these two antediluvian city-state giants. The beginnings of these two city states have some similarities and some differences. What started as two uninhabited little packages of land ended up as Athinais and Sparta. Around 3000 B.C. the Mycenaeans inhabited Athens. Mycenaean regulation lasted for 2900 old ages. From 1100 B.C. to 950 B.C. , the Dorians invaded Athens along with other Mycenaean city states. We will write a custom essay sample on Sparta And Athens Essay Research Paper Sparta or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mycenaean regulation and civilisation were destroyed. Athinais survived the Dorian invasions and developed into an advanced city state. The city-state Sparta was formed as a consequence of the Dorian invasions. In 900 B.C. , 50 old ages after Athens was invaded, the Dorians invaded Laconia in southeasterly Greece, destructing about all of the little small towns. In 800 B.C. many Dorian small towns banded together to organize Sparta ( Encyclopedia Vol. 4 ) . Sparta was the ideal topographic point for the development of a military because it had natural protective barriers ; mountains in the North, E, and west. The development of societal category and authorities in Sparta and Athens had a long route that had many bumps before the two city states reached their concluding end or finish. How each city state took the bumps separated one city state from the other. Sparta s societal category was foremost made of two male monarchs who were posterities of the Dorian male monarch. In 735 B.C. the Spartans invaded Messenia, doing its people the lowest category of citizens, serfs. Sparta used Messenia s fertile land for farming. The income generated from agriculture was used addition the nobilities wealth, doing Sparta more powerful. In 600 B.C. one hundred 35 old ages after Sparta conquered Messenia, Sparta developed a fundamental law which gave power to the seniors of the nobility. Sparta s fundamental law called for town meetings which gave male non-aristocratic citizens 35 old ages of age and older the chance to blackball statute law proposed by the male seniors of the nobility. ( Encyclopedia Vo l. 4 ) The seniors of the nobility reported to the two male monarchs who controlled the Spartan ground forces. In 669 B.C. Sparta suffered its first licking, doing the serfs to revolt. The serfs outnumbered the nobility seven to one. After old ages of combat, the rebellion was put down ; the serfs were defeated. After the rebellion, Sparta made a drastic alteration and shifted to a military province, in which rights of the persons were secondary to the good of Sparta. Land was divided every bit among big work forces, who in bend served as foot. This was done to forestall any more helot rebellions. Following the rebellion, there were still two male monarchs, but nobility was dismantled because land was divided every bit among all the grownup males. The lone difference between the nobility, in-between category and the serfs was that the nobility had a somewhat higher topographic point in the armed forces than the in-between category and serfs. In 700 B.C. a Grecian hero, Theseus, united Athens with several other city states and established a monarchy. In 600 B.C. the monarchy was replaced by a group of blue persons who called themselves Archons. The nobility, in a meeting called the Ecclesia elected three Archons. The figure of Archons was subsequently changed to nine. The Aristocracy besides controlled a council called the Areopagus. As the blue power increased the small freedom the lower category had diminished, which led to several societal crises. In 621 B.C. Athenian swayer Draco, established a series of Torahs that gave terrible penalties for minor offenses. Most of the offenses were punishable by decease. Twenty-one old ages after Draco s regulation ended in 594 B.C. , Athenian leader Solon abolished the Draconian Torahs, and established new 1s that eliminated the Archons in the Ecclesia. ( Encyclopedia Vol. 1 ) Statesman besides established a council of four hundred members of separate folks to govern, which distributed power more equally. Solon besides established the foundation for democratic authorities. In 560 B.C. popular leader Pisistratus seized Athens. During Pisistratus regulation Athens became the political, economical, and spiritual centre of the part. ( Encyclopedia Vol. 1 ) Athens besides extended its power beyond the district it had originally ruled. In 510 B.C. a power battle erupted between Democratic leaders and Archons. After old ages of contending the democratic leader won. A freshly elected democratic leader Cleisthenes decreased power of the upper category so as to extinguish power battles. During the Persian war Athens played a great function in the licking of Persia by beef uping its naval forcess so as to get the better of the Iranian naval forces. Athens besides formed the Delian League, a common confederation with other city states in order to derive power and licking Persia. After the Persian War Athens became the strongest city state in Greece. Athens transformed its control over the Delian League to an imperium of over 200 city states ( Encyclopedia Vol. 1. ) As Athens new leader, Pericles, focused on regenerating the cultural, economic, and military heritage it had known in anterior old ages. Pericles appealed to the people s strive for excellence, by promoting them with quotation marks such as the esteem of the present and wining ages will be ours. By 500 B.C. Sparta had become a military world power. In 480 B.C. Sparta led other city states in get the better ofing Persia in the Iranian Wars. Sparta s power was short lived. In 464 B.C. , shortly after the Iranian Wars, a atrocious temblor hit Sparta, which caused many deceases and sparked another rebellion. Sparta was in convulsion, and Athens became the most powerful city-state. Afraid of Athenian domination Sparta started a rebellion against Athens in 431 B.C. This rebellion was known as the Peloponnesian War. The Peloponnesian War was a long and disruptive war between Sparta and Athens. When Sparta invaded Athens it split Greece into two different sides. Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes, which made up the Peloponnesian League on one side, and Athens and its other Alliess, which made up the Delian League were on the other side. The war raged on for many old ages. In 415 B.C. , Athens suffered a suppression licking at Syracuse. Following the loss at Syracuse, Athens hereafter was inexorable. In 404 B.C. Athinais surrendered to Sparta, and lost its imperium. The triumph over Athens was Sparta s last major triumph. In 371 B.C. Sparta was crushed by rival city states. Sparta was forced to give up its Messenian land and its serfs. After the annihilating licking, Sparta s system of kid raising and military preparation fell apart, and its two male monarchs were replaced by a individual monarchy. ( Encyclopedia Vol. 4 ) Sparta tried to restore itself as a military power, but neer achieved the illustriousness it had before. During the times of Athens and Sparta, their several armed forcess played a big portion in the power-struggle between the two city states. Although Sparta is known for its military accomplishments, Athens besides had a strong military. In the long tally, the power-struggle led to both city states death. Democracy, which had its roots in Athens is still around today but has been altered, improved upon, and implemented in many successful authoritiess around the universe. Sparta s military codification, which requires service from every male citizen, has besides been incorporated and altered in many other states, such as Israel. Greece has evolved from a state that was split into two separate parts to a incorporate state in which no 1 is contending over the others land. Although Athens and Sparta still exist, their one time great imperium has been diminished to the position of two metropoliss, with no regulation of its ain, but as portion of a larger state. Today apples and oranges come in many new and different assortments. Athinais and Sparta still exist but as cultural and diverse metropoliss. As Sparta and Athens provided the foundation for authorities and regulation, apples and oranges provide a edifice block for good nutrition and wellness.

don giovanni essays

don giovanni essays Don Giovanni is centered around the main character, Don Giovanni, and his effects on the people surrounding him. Don Giovanni is a self-proclaimed lover who cannot resist in seducing women regardless of their availability. Some of the major themes of Don Giovanni are revenge and deception. Revenge is one the more obvious themes of Don Giovanni and is emphasized by the characters, Don Ottavio, Donna Anna, and the Commendatore. This issue of revenge comes about after the masked Don Giovanni slays the Commendatore, Donna Annas beloved father. Donna Anna makes Don Ottavio, her future husband, vow to avenge the death of her father by killing Don Giovanni. She does not know the exact identity of Don Giovanni but after meeting him later, she realizes that he is the one. This encounter increases Donna Anna and Don Ottavios motivation to avenge the Commendatores death. Ottavio had almost succeeded in killing Giovanni during the peasants wedding feast but he managed to escape Ottavio and his sword. Ironically, the character that ends up fulfilling Annas wish is the Commendatore who comes back to life in the form of statue. He dismisses Don Giovanni into the fiery pits of hell where he will forever experience the effects of his sins. The character that fuels the theme of deception in Don Giovanni is Don Giovanni himself. He deceives everyone- from Masetto to his own servant, Leporello. Giovanni throws a wedding celebration for Masetto and Zerlina not because he is happy for the couple but because he wants to seduce Zerlina. Giovanni attempts to build Masettos trust in him so that he will not suspect him of trying to win the affections of Zerlina. After Donna Elvira tries to tell Ottavio and Anna that Giovanni is someone who cannot be trusted, Giovanni tries to convince them that Elvira is insane in efforts to destroy her credibility. Giovanni wants to seduce yet another woman, this time the...

Lloyds Bank Building and the Northern Rock Building Essay

Lloyds Bank Building and the Northern Rock Building - Essay Example The pillars have connotations of classical antiquity, while the carvings are reminiscent of an age when craftsmanship was valued and used as a demonstration of wealth and success. Ordinary buildings like homes and shops did not have these features, and they were reserved for the aristocracy and for civic buildings, imparting an air of authority and â€Å"establishment†. This is the origin of the rather conservative cultural meaning that the building conveys (Rotenberg, 1993).   Quite apart from these historic features of the Lloyds bank building, there are also distinctive visual elements which convey meanings to the observer. The building is taller than it is broad, which suggests a towering presence that dwarfs the viewer. The implication is that the bank is both strong and dominant, providing a stable, if somewhat stern, or even forbidding presence on the high street. The rather narrow door is brought slightly forward of the main building and set to the left, with a series of steps leading up to it. This suggests that entry to the bank is a privilege granted only to those who are worthy to climb the steps and enter its narrow frame. The entrance is dark and reveals nothing of the interior. This increases the mystery of the institution for the uninitiated, and the feeling of privilege for insiders, and this illustrates the contested nature of meaning when it comes to architectural spaces (Gieryn, 2000).   The bank’s name is positioned in modestly proportioned uppercase letters above the door as if to emphasize the act of entering this special portal. There is no distraction or adornment to the name, which is allowed to stand as the main advertising feature of the whole building.

Play (The Zoo Story) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Play (The Zoo Story) - Essay Example It didn’t make a lot of sense to me. I had trouble understanding the way that Jerry talked. It seemed like he was crazy and abstract. I wanted him to get to the point. I sympathized a lot more with Peter. He seemed to be a character that was a lot more like me. I often find it annoying when strangers strike up conversations with me about nothing. In the course of these kinds of conversations, I often try to figure out what the other person wants. In this play, I kept wondering what Jerry wanted. Nothing he was saying had any kind of point. That for me was disorientating at first. After finishing the play, I began to understand that Jerry is really seeking fellow feeling and understanding. He is trying to create a narrative of his life that will help him find meaning. He is obviously not very good at this, and the surprise ending at the end of the play, where Jerry is impaled on the knife is the best example of this. In a way, Jerry is so out of tune with the world that he can’t live in it anymore. He seeks friendship and understanding—and so he has to die in this way. He can’t simply kill himself alone—he needs to have that human connection. I think that is why, in part, he makes sure that Peter picks up the knife. The idea of the zoo is important. It is clear that the author of the play thinks that people are too often trapped in their own cages by social norms and unable to escape and actually talk to one another in a normal way. I found this to be an interesting and thought-provoking play. It surprised and challenged me. I would like to read more works by Edward Albee and read other playwrights from this era in American history. Overall, I enjoyed this course. I found it invigorating and stimulating. In general, the professor was extremely approachable and it was clear that he had a real appreciation and interest in the subject matter. I now see things in a different light and I intend to go to the theatre for pleasure.

Assignment (primary research required) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assignment (primary research required) - Essay Example This report explores the application of theoretical concepts of small business management in particular the issues surrounding marketing aspects of small businesses and the strategies that need to be adopted with particular reference to the restaurant industry. A primary study was conducted involving a family restaurant. The purpose of the research was to explore how successful small business entrepreneurs apply theoretical concepts of small business management such as marketing to their businesses. The findings suggest indicate that marketing is perceived as a means to build customer awareness about the enterprises and offerings. It was also found that application of marketing thoughts and practices are useful for profitability of the firm, but are constrained by lack of resources. Contents Abstract ii Contents iii Table of Figures iv Photo credit iv Managing Small Business Marketing 1 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Significance 1 1.2 Aims and objectives 2 2. Literature Review 2 2.1 Definiti on of small business 3 2.2 Marketing and business orientation 3 2.3 Marketing mixes and approach to marketing 4 2.4 Customer acquisition in small businesses 5 2.5 Customer relationship management in small businesses 6 2.6 Summary of critical review 8 3. Primary Research 8 3.1 Interview with owner manager 9 3.2 Findings 11 4. Discussion 11 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 12 5.1 Recommendations 12 The researcher also recommends that further studies may be undertaken to reveal the difference in the levels of success of small businesses in terms market share and profitability caused due to implementation of marketing principles and techniques. 12 References 13 Table of Figures Figure 1: EU Classification of enterprises 3 Figure 2: Small businesses usually follow the bottom-up marketing approach 5 Figure 3: Observations from literature review 8 Photo credit Cover page photo: http://www.oxfordrestaurantguide.com/gees/ Managing Small Business Marketing 1. Introduction The small business sector is a major contributor to the economy in many parts of the world. In the year 2000 the sector in the UK comprised approximately 3.7 million small firms, majority of which were micro businesses, of which 66 per cent were either run solo or self-employed people (Fraser & Thompson, 2011). Twenty-five per cent of these had less than 10 employees. These figures are growing steadily. The UK government believes that â€Å"the health of the economy requires the birth of new enterprises in substantial numbers. We cannot assume that the ordinary working of market forces will necessarily preserve a small firm sector† (Fraser & Thompson, 2011, p. 29); and considers it to appropriate to intervene in proliferation of small business. There are however other reasons for phenomenal growth of small business as, (1) free market economy; (2) control by large firms; (3) spirit of individualism; (4) growth of IT; (5) growth of niche marketing; (6) growth in service sector; and (7) unemploym ent. 1.1 Significance In the UK small businesses contributed a significant 25 per cent of total private sector employment. Their combined turnover represented almost 20 per cent of the total turnover of the private sector. Small business firms employing fewer than 50 people accounted for 9.5 million jobs

The War On Drugs | History

The War On Drugs | History Throughout history drugs have been nothing but a social problem, virtually a burden. Some of the most famous and influential people have been known to abuse drugs. Such individuals are Edgar Allen Poe who smoked opium in an attempt to make his poetry more creative, and musician Ray Charles, arrested in 1964 on drug charges. (Erowid) A rise in drug use began around the time when American soldiers came back home from the Vietnam War addicted to heroin. At that time, drugs were only being used by small group of people, and they were simply looked down upon. It was not until the late nineteen sixties when recreational drug use became fashionable among young, white, middle class American citizens that the United States Government put its foot down. (PBS) They started slowly, developing agencies like the (BNDD) Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, which was founded in 1968 by the Linden Johnson administration. Congress also started passing laws like the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevent ion and Control Act in 1970. It was not until June 17, 1971 when the war really started. At a press conference in the White House, President Richard Nixon officially declared war on drugs. He stated, Drug abuse is public enemy, number one in the United States. He also announced the creation of the (SAODAP) Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention. Three years later on August 9, 1974, President Nixon resigned, but not before founding one the greatest assets for the war on drugs, the (DEA) Drug Enforcement Agency. Established in July of 1973, this super agency (PBS) consisted of agents from the CIA, Customs and ODALE. This agency was designed to handle all aspects of the drug problem in America and would be headed by Myles Ambrose. Throughout the first years of the program the DEA established their main focus; to stop the flow of marijuana from Mexico to America. Around the mid-seventies the enemy face began to change, the enemy was now cocaine and it was coming from the country of Colombia. On November 22, 1975 the Colombian police seized over 600 kilos of cocaine from a small plane at the Cali (Colombia) Airport. The plane was believed to be headed to Miami, Florida. The amount of cocaine that was seized that day was the largest cocaine bust to date. (PBS) The DEA, along with other agencies, are still fighting cocaine and many other drugs to this day. One of the reasons the war on drugs is lasting so long is because of the cost; the war on drugs is a very expense war. In the past, the government has spent around 10 billion dollars a year, this year alone (2011) over $14,000,000,000 is how much the federal government has spent on this seemingly, never-ending war. (Drug Sense) At this rate the cost per second will be over $600 per second by the end of the year! The reason the cost is so high is because there are so many different agencies and programs that need financial aid. Programs such as D.A.R.E and the Just Say No anti-drug campaign are some of the programs that such money is spent on. The Just Say No campaign was founded by Nancy Reagan in 1984 and was the centerpiece of the Reagan Administrations anti-drug campaign. (Wikipedia) The campaign mainly consisted of TV commercials and public advertisements, to keep kids from trying drugs. When the war on drugs first began to take shape in the early seventies, the government wanted to know where the illicit substances were coming from. In the beginning the answer was simply Mexico, they had previously imported in all of the marijuana in the sixties. The simple mom and pop cartels (small businesses) would grow the marijuana in their own backyard and smuggle it over the border into southern Texas. This and much larger operations are known as the Trafficking of drugs. (Wikipedia) After a few years of smuggling, the government caught on, so customs started cracking down on the border. This made the smugglers take to the air; they began using airplanes to get over the border. (Drug Library) The Mexican smuggling business began to slow down though, due to stricter regulations on customs and border patrol. The lack of business was also due to another factor; Americas drug of choice had changed. America now had a taste for cocaine and it was coming from the country of Colombia . Cocaine which is an extract of the cocoa bean is grown all over the country of Colombia. The country of Colombia is a nation made of poverty and corruption. Its main cash crop is coffee, but in reality its cocaine. It is speculated that in Colombia alone, there is over 150,000 hectares of coco plantations. (Transnational Institute) Colombia depends on cocaine; it is estimated 300,000 people are directly dependent on the cocaine economy. (icdc.com) Thousands of people are assassinated and kidnapped every year in Colombia, due to political violence. In 1989, three of the five Colombian presidential candidates were murdered; the Medellin drug cartel was mainly responsible for these violent atrocities. Medellin is one of Colombias biggest cities; it is located in central Colombia. Throughout the early seventies to the early nineties, Medellin was the cocaine capital of the world. In fact anyone using cocaine between the late seventies, early eighties, had a high chance of using cocaine from the Medellin Cartel. They invented the market for cocaine; they were the first people to ever be that successful in selling dope. The Medellin Cartel consisted of many people, but there was one man who controlled it all, the key figure on the other end of the war on drugs, the kingpin himself Pablo Escobar El Patron. (Wikipedia) Pablo was born in the most violent of times in Colombia, La Violenica a time of civil war in that nation. Around 1965 when Escobar was just 17, he dropped out of school, and then began selling cocaine, by 1976 he was arrested, but this did not stop him. By 1982 Escobar had become so powerful that he was elected congressman on the Colombian Parliament. (Wikipedia) He also purchased one of Colombias popular professional soccer teams (Escobar was a bil lionaire). By this time in Colombia, Escobar was looked at as a sort of Robin Hood (PBS) buying mass apartment complexes for the poor to live in, the poor loved him. He was unstoppable, that was until 1989, Escobar helped coordinate a terrorist campaign that shot down an airliner out of the sky. His men shot down the plane in attempt to kill the only presidential candidate in the Colombian election. (Wikipedia) After this incident the U.S. government made Escobar a military target, and began a so-called war with Escobar. Four years later, a vigilante death squad known only has the Los Pepes secretly composed of the Colombian Search Bloc, Ex Medellin cartel members, and American DEA agents, announced they intended to attack family members, friends, associates, and assets of Pablo Escobar until he was found. (Wikipedia) On March 4, 1993 the Los Pepes killed Escobars attorney Raul Zapata. Two days later the Los Pepes killed two more of Escobars attorneys, by this time the Los Pepes wer e brutally killing five to six people a day. On July 14, 1993 Col. Hugo Martinez, head of Search Bloc, met with U.S. Army Col. John Alexander and agreed to allow a ground-based U.S. listening post in Medellin(Freedom To Exhale) Finally on December 2, 1993, Colonel Martinez and his men tracked Escobar to his three million-dollar estate. As the Search Bloc went in to arrest him, Escobar ran out on the roof and he and his bodyguard Alvaro de Jesus Agudelo, fired at the squad. Because of this, the police were forced to gun both of them down. He died from multiple gunshot wounds the day after his birthday at the age of 44. This was the deathblow to the Medellin Cartel; business would never be the same in Medellin. Another country that is highly involved in drug trafficking in America is the country of Mexico. In the past, Mexico was primarily responsible for marijuana; today Mexico is responsible for many illicit substances coming into the United States, but mainly cocaine and marijuana. Today there are many drug cartels in Mexico, but the Arellano- Felix Organization (aka Tijuana Cartel) is by far the strongest. (Wikipedia) The Arellano-Felix Organization is North Americas most violent drug trafficking cartel. Based out of Tijuana, Mexico, for over a decade they shipped tons of cocaine, heroin and methamphetamines into the U.S. every year. Annual revenues are in the hundreds of millions. (DEA) The cartels strategy is to recruit Juniors; young educated upper class men with families living on both sides of the San Diego-Tijuana border, using them as their drug runners and hit men. They have single handedly killed hundreds of innocent people including the cardinal of a church in Mexico. They wer e on the FBIs ten most wanted list a couple years ago, but they are still on the loose. At the other end of the war on drugs, is treatment; treatment for the addiction to drugs. Addiction is one the most serious parts of the war on drugs, its the aftermath of having fun. (PBS) The Vietnam soldiers were some of the first people to suffer from heroin addiction. Psychiatrist Dr. Robert DuPont is a pioneer doctor in drug abuse treatment; he performed studies in Washington D.C. in 1969 of heroin addicts, and then convinced the mayor to allow him to provide methadone to the heroin addicts. This action resulted in the citys crime rate dropping. (PBS) Speaking of drug abuse addiction and treatment, the costs incurred needs mentioning. The cost of addiction can be devastating to the abusing person and the persons family. People trade in their cars, clothing, and shelter just to get a fix for their addiction. Moreover, the cost of rehabilitation is outrageous. Unless you are attending a free one, it can cost up to $1000 dollars a week. There are many public programs today for the sole purpose of keeping people clean. Programs such as Betty Ford, D.A.R.E, and many more are set up to keep people from drug abuse. In the end, the war on drugs is not a war to be won or lost; it all boils down to personal choice; to do drugs, or not to do drugs. Hopefully the choice is not to do drugs. Also, the complete ceasing of illegal drug smuggling into the United States is virtually impossible. For one, the 2,000 miles of border separating the U.S. and Mexico, as well as the coastal areas, make it tough to stop all drug trade from the south. I also suspect that government corruption on both sides of the border allow for many of these illegal substances to make their way into this nation, as it generates enormous amounts of money. After all, it is all about the money and power.

School Dress Code

School uniforms give the identity of the school. A certain design, style of a uniform initially gives an impression about the school. Usually, schools which require their student to wear coat and tie every day are dubbed as the exclusive schools. In America, those schools which have uniforms are private schools and somehow provide a status symbol for people. The aesthetics of a school uniform is just a bonus. A school uniform provides formality in education. This is why the teachers and the staff in an educational institution also wear uniforms. However, the public schools in the country do not require their students to wear uniforms. Instead, they just wear casual clothes to school (Brunsma, 2004, p. 50). The importance of having school uniforms is highlighted when it comes to the safety of the students. It is relevant that the student be given school uniform for easier identification when outside of the school campus. A modified school uniform per year level will also help. An example of this would be providing color-coded ribbons for each grade school. This will better help in identifying the students especially in a big school. In school gatherings and announcements, this helps in organizing the students in such big events (Brunsma, 2004, p. 55). When outside the campus, a student in uniform can easily be identified if he or she should be in or outside the campus. Once caught, the school can easily take action for the student's wrongdoings. Thus, uniforms help make the administration's jobs easier in maintaining the discipline of the students. It will also give the students a second thought on cutting classes and doing nasty things especially when they are carrying their school's name. Although this may be just a glitch, the problem that will probably be faced in having a school uniform is that it will somehow give more schoolwork to the institution. With these being said, it is just important that schools have uniforms. The above reasons are more than enough to justify the importance of school uniforms.

The Merger of Ranbaxy and Daiichi

A REPORT ON Ranbaxy-Daiichi Deal 1/26/2012 Ranbaxy-Daiichi Deal Introduction: Daiichi Sankyo bought Ranbaxy for $4. 6 billion in June 2008. This report studies the implications of the merger between Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo, from an intellectual property as well as a market point of view. There are many critical events happening in international pharma market including the growing preference for generics, increasing dominance of emerging markets such as India, fast approaching patent expiry etc. Also, this deal involves 2 major players who are the largest among their respective markets. Background: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. acquired 34. 8% of Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. from its promoters and increased its stake through preferential allotment, public offer and preferential issue of warrants to acquire a majority in Ranbaxy, i. e. at least 50. 1%. After the acquisition, Ranbaxy operates as Daiichi Sankyo’s subsidiary but supposed to manage independently under the leadership of its current CEO & Managing Director Malvinder Singh. Mr. Singh left the company in 2009 with a 4. 5 billion rupees severance package. Why: Daiichi Sankyo wanted to acquire a drug maker that specialized in generics after Japan eased its laws allowing sales of these cheaper versions of expensive drugs. The deal was a trendsetter in Indian market for future M&A deals. India's family-owned companies realized that it was not shameful to sell and profit from their businesses. Benefits Expected: Operational: The main benefit for Daiichi Sankyo from the merger was Ranbaxy’s low-cost manufacturing infrastructure and supply chain strengths. Ranbaxy gained access to Daiichi Sankyo’s research and development expertise to advance its branded drugs business. Expansion: Daiichi Sankyo’s strength in proprietary medicine complements Ranbaxy’s leadership in the generics segment and both companies acquire a broader product base, therapeutic focus areas and well distributed risks. Ranbaxy gains smoother access to and a strong foothold in the Japanese drug market. Financial: The immediate benefit for Ranbaxy was that the deal freed up its debt. Also, Ranbaxy’s addition elevated Daiichi Sankyo’s position from #22 to #15 by market capitalization in the global pharmaceutical market. Synergies: . A complementary business combination that provides sustainable growth by diversification that spans the full spectrum of the pharmaceutica l business. 2. An expanded global reach that enables leading market positions in both mature and emerging markets with proprietary and non-proprietary products. 3. Strong growth potential by effectively managing opportunities across the full pharmaceutical life-cycle. 4. Cost competitiveness by optimizing usage of R and manufacturing facilities of both companies, especially in India. † 5. Respective presence of Daiichi Sankyo and Ranbaxy in the developed and emerging markets 6. Ranbaxy’s strengths in the 21 emerging generic drug markets allow Daiichi Sankyo to tap the potential of the generics business. 7. Ranbaxy’s branded drug development initiatives for the developed markets significantly boosted through this relationship. 8. Daiichi Sankyo able to reduce its reliance on only branded drugs and margin risks in mature markets and benefit from Ranbaxy’s strengths in generics to introduce generic versions of patent expired drugs, particularly in the Japanese market. Post-acquisition objectives: Daiichi Sankyo’s focus was to develop new drugs to fill the gaps and take advantage of Ranbaxy’s strong areas ? To overcome its current challenges in cost structure and supply chain ? To establish a management framework that would expedite synergies ? To reduce its exposure to branded drugs in a way that it can cover the impact of margin pressu res on the business, especially in Japan ? In a global pharmaceutical industry making a shift towards generics and emerging market opportunities, Daiichi Sankyo’s acquisition of Ranbaxy signalled a move on the lines of its global counterparts Novartis and local competitors Astellas Pharma. Post acquisition challenges: Post acquisition challenges included managing the different working and business cultures of the two organizations, undertaking minimal and essential integration and retaining the management independence of Ranbaxy without hampering synergies. Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo also needed to consolidate their intellectual capital and acquire an edge over their foreign counterparts. What went wrong? A lack of proper due diligence In its eagerness to tap the expertise of a generic drug maker, Daiichi took the risk of buying Ranbaxy for top dollar. Three weeks later, the US Food and Drug Administration banned imports of 30 of Ranbaxy's generic drugs, and later determined that the company was selling adulterated or misbranded medicine. It blacklisted two of the company's manufacturing units, limiting the company's ability to sell drugs made in those facilities. Ranbaxy then reported currency-exchange losses of nine billion rupees in 2008. This made Ranbaxy post losses in the same year. Ranbaxy Laboratories Cash Flow ——————- in Rs. Cr. ——————Dec '10 Dec '09 Dec '08 Dec '07 Dec '06 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths Net Profit Before Tax Net Cash From Operating Activities Net Cash (used in)/from Investing Activities Net Cash (used in)/from Financing Activities Net (decrease)/increase In Cash and Cash Equivalents Opening Cash & Cash Equivalents Closing Cash & Cash Equivalents 1565. 25 1168. 89 -2067. 8 991. 48 92. 57 69. 26 161. 83 1061. 92 -1619. 08 -665. 43 -599. 22 86. 12 -462. 91 -214. 14 2817. 2 -793. 46 1755. 07 862. 39 172. 14 68. 93 1927. 21 774. 41 442. 98 685. 77 315. 49 -708. 18 -2103. 74 132. 19 1739. 65 109. 78 -48. 6 62. 36 110. 96 172. 14 62. 36 What worked? Mr. Singh timed the sale of his family silver perfectly – he got a huge premium for the stake before U. S. regulatory concerns came to light. Daiichi, after the initial stumbles, seems to now be heading in the right direction and in the past year has integrated Ranbaxy's R&D unit in an effort to gain synergies. Daiichi also launched a generic version of Pfizer Inc. ‘s cholesterol drug, Lipitor in US recently. The verdict: Fail This is a classic example of an acquirer paying top price without looking too closely at the quality of the goods. Daiichi continues to pay for the huge risk it took in the deal. U. S. regulatory problems have slowed down the integration of Daiichi and Ranbaxy a lot more than expected. We can see that Daiichi is having similar level of operating expenses and yet to achieve anything special from Ranbaxy. US FDA said that, Ranbaxy had ‘numerous problems' at its facilities in US and India. The US DOJ has also filed the consent decree against Ranbaxy in the US district court of Maryland on 26th January 2012, which would further put pressure on the margins. â€Å"Daiichi is yet to realize anything concrete from this deal. â€Å"

SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR A PERSUASIVE SPEECH - By Tom Wi Essays

SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR A PERSUASIVE SPEECH - By Tom Wi Essays Fat SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR A PERSUASIVE SPEECH - By Tom Wingard Introduction Attention Are you getting a bit tired of that three inch spare tire Material around your waist? Are you becoming increasingly lazy, fat? Thesis/ I'd like to show you that we're all in need of exercise. Overview Now is the time to get started so that we can enjoy the health and psychological benefits the rest of our lives. Motivation I'm assuming that none of you will argue that exercise is harmful. You'll agree that exercise is beneficial. However, I'm not so sure all of us are actually exercising. I'd like to tell you, then, not how to exercise, but to persuade you to go out and get some exercise. Transition (First, I'd like to tell you why I'm so concerned about our inactivity.) Thought Pattern: PROBLEM-SOLUTION Body Problem: I. Lack of exercise is harmful to our health. A. Cardiovascular disease, the nation's leading cause of death, is caused by inactivity. 1. Clogged arteries and veins are a result of inactivity. (example) 2. Excess fat also caused by inactivity leads to a higher incidence of heart disease. (explanation and example) Internal (Statistically, then, you will die at an earlier age if summary you do not exercise.) Transition (Now some of you might be wondering why I'm preaching to a bunch of 20 year olds.) B. College students are not as healthy as we are often lead to believe. 1. High school seniors are in better health than we are. (survey) 2. We are on the threshold of decline as our level of activity drops. (explanation) C. This change is correlated with the changes in our lifestyles that occur between high school and college. 1. Most of us have less time to run around because we are studying more. (explanation) 2. Many of us have given up the sports we used to play competitively. (example) 3. Now that we're in college we have less motivation to exercise. (explanation) Internal (The point here is that exercise for us must come from summary within. But, statistically, that hasn't been happening.) Transition (This point becomes increasingly significant as we realize that this stage in our lives is a primary force in determining our future behavior.) D. Our inactivity now may lead to inactivity later. 1. Our choices in brand of beer will be carried on through the coming years. (analogy) 2. By being inactive now we are getting ourselves into a rut of being inactive. This rut can be avoided, but it is difficult. (explanation) Internal (I have shown you that by not exercising we are decreasing summary our life spans, and at this particular time in our lives we are especially vulnerable to becoming out of shape. This may carry with us for years, until it is too late. Transition (A fair question to ask here is: What is so great about exercise? If it's such a pain in the ass, it's not worth living a few more years. To this I would respond that it isn't such a pain.) Solution II. Exercise is not a large investment,but the yield is very high. We should all exercise to take advantage of this. A. To exercise, you don't have to lift weights for hours on end or join the wrestling team. Exercise can take as little as 15 minutes a day. (statistic) B. One advantage of being healthy is that your body needs less sleep. This may more than make up for the time it takes to exercise. (explanation) C. Studies show exercise clears your thoughts so that you can be more efficient. (testimony) D. Also, you'll feel better. 1. When hurrying to class you won't get winded so easily. (example) 2. You won't get sick as easily since exercise increases the body's resistance. (testimony and explanation) E. More important, however, are the effects on your body you don't feel. 1. Increasing your cardiovascular strength increases your heart's stroke efficiency. (testimony) 2. Researchers at San Diego State have found that increases in exercise slow the onset of senility. (testimony) Internal (If none of these facts impress you, keep in mind that summary/ exercise might make us look better and this might make transition girls take a little more notice of us.) Conclusion Attention Just as none of us wants to be called a fat slob by our material mothers, none of us wants to die earlier than we

Las Ferreterias de Mexico Essay Example

Las Ferreterias de Mexico Essay Example Las Ferreterias de Mexico Essay Las Ferreterias de Mexico Essay Introduction To find out whether or not Mr. Gonzales should implement the new compensation plan, we will initiate with a valuation of the proposed bonus plan that he is considering. This evaluation will include an analysis of the key decisions and the persons responsible for making the decision as well as a discussion of the proposed plan. Upon this analysis we will conclude whether it is a good idea to implement it and state our suggestions for a modification of the plan. Valuation of the proposed bonus plan Included in the new bonus plan are the store managers (SM), the regional managers (RM), and the corporate staff managers (CM). Not included are the CEO (Mr. Gonzalez) and the COO; their bonuses would be decided by the compensation committee of the board of directors. Furthermore all other employees not included in the plan would continue as before with a bonus in the range of 2%-5% of base salary. Each of the company’s 82 stores is operated by a SM, who has a lot of autonomy. The 82 store are organized into 9 geographical regions. The RMs are responsible for providing oversight and advice to the SMs, whom had little formal education. On the top of these two manager levels are the CMs, who are responsible for a range of centralized functions including purchasing, human resources, marketing, real estate, and investor relations. The proposed bonus plan consists of 4 million pesos plus 8 percent of the corporate income before bonuses and taxes in excess of 120 million pesos. The total bonus pool will be divided between the managers as following: SMs – 70%, RMs – 15%, and CMs – 15%. This year, the bonus pool will amount to 8,498,400 million pesos (all calculations: cf. the calculations for the Whiz Kids questions on the last page), meaning that the bonus pool will be divided by the different manager levels as following: Store Managers5,948,880. 00 million pesos Regional Managers1,274,760. 00 million pesos Corporate Staff Managers1,274,760. 00 million pesos The SMs’ bonus pool will be divided among the store managers based in their relative proportion of bonus units earned. The maximum number of bonus units are 6, with a lower cutoff level at 5% ROI and a upper cutoff level at 11% ROI. These cutoffs stipulate an acceptable minimum performance, while restricting superior performance. Denying bonuses for exceptionally good efforts can be justified by the fact that the performance results can be good luck. Moreover it, to a certain degree, ensures that the managers will not be myopic, which again ensures that the company will show a more steady performance improvement over time. Another reason for the upper cutoff level on the incentive payments might be a desire of not paying lower-level mangers more than upper level managers. In this case, a SM gets 72,547. 32 pesos in average, RMs get 141,640. 00 pesos, and CMs get 254,952. 00 pesos. A top-performing SM cannot earn more than 118,189. 68 pesos in bonus. This is less than the CM’s bonus, so in this case the upper cutoff definitely ensures that the lower-level managers cannot earn more than the upper-level managers. The bonus pools will be assigned to managers based on their entity’s ROI, given by following formula: ROI = (bonus eligible revenues – expenses) / total store investments. Using ROI as the central measurement of performance causes some problems: Accounting profit does not reflect the total value of the company and is therefore not a completely fair method Management myopia: a ROI-focus stimulate shortsightedness, and can undermine long-term focus, which may not be in the interest of the corporation Suboptimization – it may not be in the interest of the enterprise that individual regions will focus solely on the success of themselves rather than on the overall success of the company Regional differences in e. . investment prices, local expenses etc. All bonuses will be paid in cash as soon as financial statements have been prepared. Beside the problems of using ROI as the central measurement element we see following problems with the new incentive plan: Not all people are motivated by cash payment. Furthermore, cash bonuses can generate durability issues, i. e. eople spent the money right away and quickly forgets the joy of having performed well The reward is not timely, as it is not necessarily given upon successes, but when the financial statement has been prepared which in the end of the day may reduce the motivational effect The geographical location also has an important role in determining the success of the different stores; some stores have more favorable locations than other, and therefore enjoy higher bonuses An issue is also whether or not all stores should have the same performance standards. On one hand, motivational incentives are highly individual, and preferences may vary greatly across the regions. Tailoring reward packages to the individual employee’s preferences will undoubtedly have the highest motivational effect, but will not keep the incentive system at the lowest possible cost. It is difficult to implement such a tailored plan due to the vast scope of the project: it will require a huge amount of analysis and date to map down differences. So even though the motivational effect might be higher for an individual tailored incentive program, a single strategy with common performance standards for all stores may be much easier and cost-efficient to implement. The new bonuses are greater than before, and should therefore stipulate improved operating efficiencies. Since ROI is the central element in calculating the bonuses, there is a risk of suboptimization, but since the bonus is partially determined through the corporate profit, the managers should also be concerned with the overall operating efficiency of the company. Ultimately an improvement within operating efficiency should lead to an increase in market shares. By tieing the rewards of the employees to the overall performance of the company, it would inevitably commit them – given that the employees have sufficient possibilities for influencing the results. In this case, the managers have a lot of responsibility and have many channels by which they can control and influence the results. Nevertheless, basing the bonuses partly on a group effort enforce cultural controls, as the employees are more alert of what their colleagues are doing, hence controlling whether they are working efficiently enough; â€Å"get to work; you’re hurting my profit sharing†. In this way, it makes good sense to base the bonuses on a proportion of corporate profit. Proposals for modification of the compensation plan The SMs have a lot of responsibility which is not corresponding to their level of education and their level of bonus. Compared to the RMs and CMs, who are better educated and have more experience, however, the bonus levels are fair. Thus it will be difficult to justify a higher bonus-level for the SMs, based on their current educational level. A possible solution will be to make a compulsory training program in finance and management. When the SMs have passed the courses, they will be qualified to receive a larger bonus. The training program will be an overall gain for the whole enterprise, since they will have more competent employees. So even though this extension does not make the incentive plan cheaper, it will be a gain for the company in the long run. Moreover, the further-training program will be personally satisfying for the managers. Another solution to what we see as the too-much responsibility-compared-to-bonus-problem, would be to enhance the upper cutoff level. Since Mr. Gonzales is concerned about the increased compensation expenses he should consider to lower the bonus pool and implement some non-monetary rewards, as they are often more motivating and durable. An example could be to recognize and communicate particular good performance throughout the company. An alternative idea to pay cash directly could be to reward the managers by some sort of stock option. This would further commit the managers to the company, and would probably be motivating since they have sufficient authority to influence the actual performance of the company. To find a solution for the personnel not included in the plan, i. e. store employees and regional sales and corporate purchasing staff, we suggest modifying the current discretionary bonus awards. Instead of Gonzales being responsible for giving these rewards, we suggest that this authority is delegated to the store managers and regional managers, respectively. These managers are in daily contact with the â€Å"neglected† employees, and it therefore seems more fair that they delegate the rewards. In this way the bonus system will be more motivating for the personnel. Whiz Kids Competition Number of managers% of bonus pool Store Managers:8270% Regional Managers:915% Corporate Managers:515% Bonus Pool 4. 000. 000+(8% of corporate income before taxes and bonuses in excess of 120000000) 4. 000. 000+(0,08*(176. 230. 000-120. 000. 000)) 8. 498. 400 The bonus pool is then divided between the different groups: Store Managers:70%*8. 498. 400= 5. 948. 880,00 Regional Managers:15%*8. 98. 400= 1. 274. 760,00 Corporate Managers:15%*8. 498. 400= 1. 274. 760,00 To find the average amount per manager we divide the pools by the number of managers in the specific group Store Managers:5. 948. 880/82= 72. 547,32 Regional Managers:1. 274. 760/9= 141. 640,00 Corporate Managers:1. 274. 760/5= 254. 952,00 The bonus pool for the top performing store managers : Total units in the bonus plan 6*1+9*2+11*3+20*4+15*5+8*6+4*6+3*6= 302,00 Average pay per unit:5. 948. 880/302= 19. 698,28 Store top performing managers (6 units)= 118,189,68

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present Term Paper - 4

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present - Term Paper Example Theories have been advanced to give an in-depth explanation of the scope of animal ethics as they try to explain the boundaries within which animal ethics should exist and what human beings are expected to do in order to ensure their moral obligation as far as animal ethics is concerned. There are three groups of theories that have been advanced so far that try to explain issues concerning animal ethics and morality. They include; indirect theories, direct moral theories and moral equality theories (Beauchamp). Therefore, this paper examines issues concerning animal ethics and morality by examining the above theories. Indirect theories are against animal ethics as they argue that animals are not entitled to any form of moral status or equal considerations to man since they lack consciousness (Beauchamp). This means they are not able to make sound decisions, moreover they cannot think independently hence they should be treated less of human beings are they do not form part of the moral community hence they have no rights to be protected (Palmer). Despite that, the theories do not encourage animals to be harmed as they possess a sense of sentiment thus their feelings should be respected. Direct theories are those that accord animals moral considerations but the moral status that is accorded to animals is limited in nature since animals are unable to recognize the rights of other agents and respect them thus they cannot be included in the moral community (Palmer). The theories argue that actions by human beings should not harm animals directly but whenever conflict of interest between animals and hu man beings sets in the interests of human beings always supersedes as human beings are always supreme over all other animals. The moral equality theories, on the other hand, argue that animals and human beings ought to be treated equally. The theories ignore the special characteristics that are often associated with human

Teacher evaluation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Teacher evaluation - Term Paper Example The discussion includes specific examples from two districts, namely, the Midwest School District and South Central Texas School District. The final section provides some recommendations that will help educators design a better evaluation system for the 21st century. The incongruity of teacher evaluation is that it has the capability to significantly contribute to the growth and improvement of every teacher, but in reality it helps only a very few people. The capability of teacher evaluation is widely known. Almost all states mandate standard evaluation in compliance to the law and validate such mandates, partly, based on the obligation of teachers to improve. Most districts have collective bargaining contracts or rules specifying evaluation processes. In fact, numerous of the major educational reforms in the United States (e.g. career ranking, performance incentive/merit pay, etc.) are rooted in the belief that strong, effective evaluation processes can be formulated. Even so, in truth, teacher evaluations performed in most schools are short, inconsistent, formal procedures requiring several instances of classroom inspection every year at least accompanied by the accomplishment of a compulsory evaluation document, which is approved by all involved entities and then stacked away to oblivion. When this takes place, state law provisions and requirements of the collective bargaining contract have been satisfied, but in reality nothing valuable is accomplished for the teachers, schools, students, or community (Marsh, 2009). This essay, on the first part, discusses the history, trends, and effectiveness of teacher evaluation in the United States. The second part discusses the similarities and differences between two distinct district teacher evaluation. And the third part spells out the features of an ‘ideal’ teacher evaluation in the 21st century. Teacher evaluation originated from the evaluative role of the

Traditional marketing vs. online marketing for online shopping sites Essay

Traditional marketing vs. online marketing for online shopping sites - Essay Example o purchase certain product or wish to avail certain services, we have to visit the site selling such products or services, pay the amount and our desired thing will be delivered to us. The core concept or process of marketing a product remains same only avenues to it change. The early phase of online marketing is replete with such examples that the investors had to invest a great deal of money to start his venture and there was not enough certainty also if the venture will be successful or not. Within a very period of time this conception changed and people started to follow the rule of developing products and market them properly. It has been observed if it can be done properly customers are sure to come. Thus, it is understood that advertisement plays a great role in selling products online. During the earlier part of Internet marketing investors used to spend huge amount of money to compete with others and more money were spent in order to launch an effective advertising campaign. Both in traditional as well as online marketing, advertising play a dominant role. The main reason is until and unless the consumers can be properly informed about products, it will not be possible to attain expected results. If we judge with a bit of analytical mind, we wi ll realize that in case of online marketing same methods like that of its traditional counterpart is used. In this context it becomes important to understand about traditional tools of marketing in a brief way. The whole idea of traditional marketing is standing over the foundation of ‘marketing mix,’ which, according to Professor E. Jerome McCarthy, is summation of four materials, namely, Product or service, Pricing of the Product, Distribution or placement of such products, and finally, promotion of such products. Selling is the final destination for marketing and the two factors a) Customer acquisition and b) Retention of those customers play the most important role. Traditional tools for marketing depend

The Force Increases, As Will The Acceleration Essay Example for Free

The Force Increases, As Will The Acceleration Essay Prediction: In this experiment, I predict that as the force increases, as will the acceleration. Therefore, as the force decreases the acceleration decreases. I can also predict that the force and acceleration of an object are directly proportional, meaning that if the force was to be doubled, then the acceleration would also double. I can predict this using Newtons second law of motion. Newtons second Law of motion: Force = Mass x Acceleration (N) (kg) m/s (variable) (measurement) In simple terms, this means that if the force is to increase then the acceleration must also increase because the mass multiplied by the acceleration must equal the force. The equation, like many others can be re-arranged in order to show a possible prediction for the value in m/s that the acceleration will be the subject of the equation. Acceleration = Force (Mass / 0.400kg) Mass Weight is a force. Weight is quite oftenly confused with mass, however each one differs to the other. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg). The weight of an object only concerns the amount of matter an object is made up of. In contrast to the mass of an object, the weight of an object regards how much it is being pulled down to the centre of the earth through gravity. Weight is a force and is measured in Newtons (N). Diagram of apparatus: The experiment that was carried out occurs when a slider is pulled through two light gates via a weighted pulley upon a soft bed of air to minimalise friction powered by a vacuum connected to the air track. When the rider breaks the beam produced from Light gate 1, a recording is began by a computer linked up to both light gates. Once the rider cuts through the second light gate, then the timer on the computer steps automatically as the light gates can relay a signal to the computer. A computer is used rather than the naked eye because the computer can be precise to 2 decimal places (d.p). Once the slide has passed through both light gates, it is moved around both light gates and the experiment is repeated. The variable for this investigation is force, that is controlled through the weights used n the pulley. The weights are changed at five separate times, at each time a different weight is used. My variables are as follows: 0.02 N , 0.03 N , 0.07 N , 0.08 N , 0.12 N ( N = Newtons) The values I chose are all the smallest possible values that I am able to create. In relation to safety, there are no specific safety issues that come to into play during this particular investigation, however behavior around the apparatus and the laboratory is always considered a safety issue. The factors that are necessary to maintain as constants throughout the experiment in order to keep a high degree of accuracy are: * Straight light gates (equidistant 40cm apart) * Same starting point of the rider ( 5cm before the initial light gate) * Mass of the rider (0.400kg) The light gates are required to be equidistant (40cm apart) and level in order to keep the test so accurate readings can be recorded. The mass of the rider must also be mentained at exactly 0.400 kg because a slight chance in the weight will cause a change in the acceleration of the rider can result in widespread and inconsistent results. It is also important to mention the starting point of the rider that must remain constant in order for the rider to pass through each light gate at the same speed during each repeat reading recorded. In addition to these points of accuracy, there are others, which have sufficient relevance to the experiment. The level at which the air track is must be kept horizontal so that the rider has neither too longer, or too shorter acceleration value that is recorded due to the slider being against or along the gradient of the air track. This can be simply modified by adjusting the track then leaving the rider without a weight and switch on the air track, if the rider remains stationary then the air track is horizontal. The experiment will be measured on 3 occasions for each variable, these repeat readings will be averaged out into a single figure to gain an accurate set of results. To prepare for the investigation, a preliminary test was carried out in order to discover which mass of the rider produced the most accurate results. To do this, the lightest mass of the rider was used with the lightest and heaviest weights (0.020N lightest) and (0.170N heaviest). The masses of the rider were the largest possible (0.400 kg) and the smallest possible ( 0.200kg). The results showed me that the lighter the mass of the rider, the wider the range of results that I recorded. In contrast, the heavier the mass of the rider was, the more reliable my results were because they provided the smallest range. This meant that I chose the heaviest possible weight of the rider possible, which was 0.400kg. Skill area O (Obtaining The Results): FORCE (N) MASS (KG) Acceleration ( m / s ) Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average 0.02 0.400 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.400 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.400 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.08 0.400 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.12 0.400 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 Skill area E : Evaluation: My results throughout my investigation, were very accurate. The spread of my repeat readings were very small, each reading for each strength of force were close together shown a high level of accuracy throughout the investigation. All my average points that I recorded are close to the best-fit line that I have drawn, which suggests that all my results have been accurately recorded and displayed in my analysis and obtaining evidence sections. The procedures to which I applied my investigation were suitable because I was able to produce an accurate set of results with relative ease. In my opinion, my evidence can support a sufficient conclusion that as that the force upon on object is directly proportional to its acceleration produced. My results were tested over a reasonable range and are considered accurate as they fit in with my initial theory and also they fit in with my initial predictions that I was able to produce. I was able to produce these predictions by re-arranging Newtons second law to show me what the acceleration of an object can b equal to in terms of its force and mass. (Old equation) Force = Mass x Acceleration (N) (kg) m/s (variable) (measurement) (New, Re-arranged equation) Acceleration = Force (mass / 0.400kg) Mass I have a range of values for my force, I inputted each one of these values to gain predicted results. (When force = 0.02) : 0.02 = 0.05 (Actual average = 0.05) 0.400 (When force = 0.03) : 0.03 = 0.075 (Actual average = 0.07) 0.400 (When force = 0.07) : 0.07 = 0.175 (Actual average = 0.08) 0.400 (When force = 0.08) : 0.08 = 0.20 (Actual average = 0.20) 0.400 (When force = 0.12) : 0.12 = 0.30 (Actual average = 0.31) 0.400 As the above figures display clearly, my results are all highly accurate and sufficiently support my prediction and theory. All that remains is to discuss how I can extend my investigation. The obvious point that springs to mind is to gather further results to obtain an exceptionally high level of accuracy. However, I can also look to change my variable from the force to the mass of the rider. I can do this by investigating the relationship between the mass and force on a rider to give me additional information. I can carry out these tests in the same manner as I have discussed for this particular investigation, but changing the variables used. I will use a range of variables that will aid me complete my investigation reaching sufficient conclusions.

Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Ess

Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Wheels of Industry Over the past decade, more and more American organizations are downsizing and reengineering as a means of eliminating excesses in corporate staffing, bureaucracy, and expenditures. This is true today whether it’s a for-profit company or not-for-profit company. Constant change is a new way of life as companies strive to meet customers needs and the ability to successfully innovate, time after time to achieve competitive advantages. Moreover, American companies are facing a fierce global environment and are downsizing to achieve cost-lowering efficiencies to render their firm more fit to combat tenacious global competitors. American organizations are also downsizing in an effort to cope with fundamental and structural changes in economies and markets.1 Because downsizing and reengineering is excessively used in today’s organizations, we must not mistakenly confuse the two terms, and since American organizations are faced with the problem of massive overhauling, we must understand the meaning and the purpose of both. We must also consider the fundamental approaches organizations use in implementing downsizing. In addition, we must look at the cost benefits to the organizations, as well as the competitive advantages are that achieved. Moreover, while little emphasis of the employee is considered in terms of workforce reduction, there is a need to look at the adverse affects on the employee and the personnel problems that organizations incur due to the aftermath of downsizing. Downsizing is associated and often confused with numerous terms. The term "downsizing" was coined to define the scaling down of the car by sizes by automobile manu... ...ture. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 55-67). 6Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (197-199) 7Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 88-89). 8Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 40). 9Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (238-245). 10Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 103-109). 11Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 109-111). Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Ess Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Wheels of Industry Over the past decade, more and more American organizations are downsizing and reengineering as a means of eliminating excesses in corporate staffing, bureaucracy, and expenditures. This is true today whether it’s a for-profit company or not-for-profit company. Constant change is a new way of life as companies strive to meet customers needs and the ability to successfully innovate, time after time to achieve competitive advantages. Moreover, American companies are facing a fierce global environment and are downsizing to achieve cost-lowering efficiencies to render their firm more fit to combat tenacious global competitors. American organizations are also downsizing in an effort to cope with fundamental and structural changes in economies and markets.1 Because downsizing and reengineering is excessively used in today’s organizations, we must not mistakenly confuse the two terms, and since American organizations are faced with the problem of massive overhauling, we must understand the meaning and the purpose of both. We must also consider the fundamental approaches organizations use in implementing downsizing. In addition, we must look at the cost benefits to the organizations, as well as the competitive advantages are that achieved. Moreover, while little emphasis of the employee is considered in terms of workforce reduction, there is a need to look at the adverse affects on the employee and the personnel problems that organizations incur due to the aftermath of downsizing. Downsizing is associated and often confused with numerous terms. The term "downsizing" was coined to define the scaling down of the car by sizes by automobile manu... ...ture. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 55-67). 6Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (197-199) 7Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 88-89). 8Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 40). 9Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (238-245). 10Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 103-109). 11Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 109-111).